DNS

DNS, or Domain Name System, is a fundamental protocol that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites and services online. Created in 1983 by Paul Mockapetris and Jon Postel, DNS eliminates the need for users to memorize complex IP addresses and simplifies internet navigation.

DNS was invented in the early 1980s at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute. At its core, DNS operates as a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the internet. When a user enters a domain name in their web browser, DNS servers are queried and respond with the corresponding IP addresses, enabling the connection to the requested web resource. The system is built around a tree-like structure and comprises several components, including root name servers, top-level domain servers, and authoritative name servers. For example, when you type "www.example.com," DNS translates this to an IP address such as "192.0.2.1." The protocol is crucial for the operation of email, web browsing, and other internet activities.