PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL, often referred to as Postgres, is an advanced open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). It supports both SQL for relational queries and JSON for non-relational queries, providing a robust solution for various application requirements. PostgreSQL is known for its strong feature set, including advanced indexing, transactional integrity, and support for complex queries.

PostgreSQL was originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley, by a group led by Professor Michael Stonebraker. It was first released in 1989 under the name "POSTGRES," which was later changed to PostgreSQL in 1996 to reflect its SQL support. The system is widely recognized for its scalability, extensibility, and adherence to standards. It includes extensive support for stored procedures, triggers, and various data types. Additionally, PostgreSQL's open-source nature allows for community-driven enhancements and transparent bug fixing, fostering a robust and secure environment for data management. The protocol itself uses a client-server model and communicates over the TCP/IP protocol, typically through port 5432. This setup ensures that PostgreSQL is not only a powerful database engine but also a versatile and secure choice for modern applications.